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61.
Li Xiaofei Han Yingchun Wang Guoping Wang Zhanbiao Feng Lu Yang Beifang Fan Zhengyi Lei Yaping Xiong Shiwu Xing Fangfang Li Yabing 《棉花学报》2013,32(5):472-482
Cotton-based intercropping systems are one of modern agriculture farming systems aiming at improving overall economic profitability of cotton field, which not only release the competition for land between other crops and cotton and increase growing area and yield of both crops, but also represent a mechanistic approach to reconciling crop production and biodiversity conservation. Recently, cotton-based intercropping systems have been widely focused and applied. Here, we reviewed the potential of cotton-based intercropping systems to reinforce agroecosystem services and functioning, including promoted plant biodiversity, improved overall productivity and economic profits, increased light use efficiency, improved cotton quality, reduced pest and disease occurrence, and suppressed weed growth. Further, the underlying mechanisms behind the enhancement of agroecosystem services and functioning by cotton-based intercropping systems through niche complementarity, interspecific facilitation, and allelopathy between intercropped species were summarized in the paper. Finally, the research prospects were also pointed out. 相似文献
62.
63.
《Plant Production Science》2013,16(3):204-208
AbstractArgentina is a major sunflower producer in the world, with crop acreage of 2?2.7 million ha in the last four years. Sunflower crop yield is often influenced by sanitary constraints, mainly fungal pathogens. Helianthus petiolaris is a wild species native to North America established in central Argentina displays a high tolerance to a number of fungal diseases and insects. Controlled crosses of this species with sunflower demonstrated that H. petiolaris constitutes a valuable genetic variability source for sunflower breeding to improve tolerance to rust (Puccinia helianthi), white rust (Albugo tragopogonis), verticillium wilt (Verticillium dahliae), powdery mildew (Erisiphe sp.) and the sunflower moth (Rachiplusia nu). This places H. petiolaris in an outstanding position as a genetic resource since different important traits could be transferred to the crop through interspecific hybridization. 相似文献
64.
优质籼稻育种中F1代生理优势的研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
对优质/优质、优质/非优质、非优质/非优质10个不同籼稻组合杂种F1与其亲本植株生理特性进行了研究。结果表明:分蘖期F1植株叶片硝酸还原酶活性超中亲值,并与穗数呈正相关。始穗期F1植株剑叶叶绿素含量和光合速率超中亲值或近中亲值;呼吸速率低于中亲值或近中亲值;乙醇酸氧化酶活性超中亲值或低于中亲值,但以低于中亲值的组合居多。所有F1植株剑叶的呼吸速率和乙醇酸氧化酶活性都低于高亲值。试验结果还表明,七桂早/新丝苗、七桂早/早优占和七桂早/金占可以作为优质高产稻育种的最佳组合。 相似文献
65.
牡丹高代杂种属于牡丹革质花盘亚组与肉质花盘亚组间的远缘杂种,在育种及应用领域有着巨大潜力。本文介绍了牡丹高代杂种的育种历史、生物学特性,并结合我国牡丹种质资源的特点,阐述了牡丹高代杂种在我国的科学价值和应用前景。 相似文献
66.
Gabriel Amar‐Basulto Fabiola Lafarga‐De la Cruz Patricia Iturra‐Constant Cristian Gallardo‐Escárate 《Aquaculture Research》2011,42(10):1460-1466
Evidence of hybridization in Haliotis has been mainly supported by hatchery experiences and collection of wild hybrid abalones among several species from natural populations worldwide. However, despite the importance to understand the role of the hybridization process through Haliotidae evolution, and also its impact on the abalone aquaculture, genetic studies in hybrid abalones have been poorly developed. Herein, cytogenetic approach allows studying the genetic conformation in hybrid organisms at the chromosome level. This paper reports a quantitative karyotype analysis in Haliotis rufescens, Haliotis discus hannai and their interspecific hybrid. Thus, to characterize chromosome pairs and establish cytogenetic comparisons, chromosome banding with distamycin‐A/4,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole fluorochromes and morphologic measurements were performed. The results showed that the hybrids are successfully viable and their karyotypes evidenced a conservative chromosome number of 2n=36. The karyo‐idiogram showed a high correspondence in chromosome pair morphology among the hybrids and their parental species, except for a single heteromorphic pair that corresponds to the chromosome 16 from H. rufescens andH. d. hannai respectively. The implications of the abalone hybrid viability derived from its chromosome composition are discussed. 相似文献
67.
本实验对鲫(Carassius auratus,♀)×禾花鱼(Procypris merus,♂)的杂交进行了研究,并比较分析杂交子一代(F1代)及其亲本的形态特征.结果显示:杂交获得杂种F1的受精率为92.5%、孵化率为89.3%,成活率82.9%.6月龄F1代7项测定的可数性状均偏向母本;可量性状中F1有5项偏向母... 相似文献
68.
Reproductive ability of second generation ornamental (koi) carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) × goldfish (Carassius auratus L.) hybrids and characteristics of their offspring 下载免费PDF全文
Jeffrey L Warner Boris Gomelsky Thomas A Delomas Alexander G Kramer Noel D Novelo 《Aquaculture Research》2018,49(6):2317-2321
The purpose of this study was to investigate the reproductive ability of second generation (F2) koi (Cyprinus carpio L.) × goldfish (Carassius auratus L.) hybrids. Only diploid F2 males and females were fertile and used in crosses. A significant increase was recorded in male fertility in F2 versus F1. In contrast with an earlier study in which only one fertile F1 male was found, about 20% of F2 males produced sperm. The observed reproductive ability of F2 hybrids was similar to that demonstrated by the only fertile F1 male and F1 females. F2 males produced diploid spermatozoa and generated triploids when crossed with koi females. All triploid fish in these progenies were males indicating that F2 males had a sex chromosome constitution of XY. F2 females produced diploid eggs and generated mostly triploids when crossed with koi males. In progenies obtained by crosses of F2 males with F1 and F2 females, most of the surviving juveniles (63%–100%) were diploid; a minority of juveniles were aneuploid (ploidy ranged from 2.1n to 3.6n). Diploid fish in these progenies were presumably the result of spontaneous androgenesis and gynogenesis, by the same mechanisms observed earlier in progenies obtained by crossing the F1 male with F1 females. 相似文献
69.
70.
C. Santos H. Machado I. Correia F. Gomes J. Gomes‐Laranjo R. Costa 《Plant pathology》2015,64(4):901-910
Castanea sativa is susceptible to Phytophthora spp., a serious root pathogen causing ink disease, while C. crenata and C. mollissima show resistance to infection. Interspecific controlled crosses were established for introgression of resistance genes from the resistant species into the susceptible C. sativa, and two mapping populations were created. Phytophthora cinnamomi resistance of each progeny was evaluated by root and excised shoot inoculation tests. The number of days of survival after root inoculation was the best discriminator of resistance to P. cinnamomi while the percentage of shoots with internal lesions was the symptom most associated with survival. The lesion progression rate in the excised shoot inoculation test was strongly and negatively correlated with survival in the root inoculation test. The excised shoot inoculation test appears to be a reliable approach for screening the resistance of chestnut genotypes to P. cinnamomi. Strong genetic correlations were obtained between survival and ink disease symptoms and among symptoms, indicating that common or linked genes might influence resistance to P. cinnamomi. The most resistant genotypes selected from this study will be tested for other commercial variables, such as ease of vegetative propagation and stock–scion compatibility. 相似文献